Baby Born by C-section Is Now in Icu Because He Swallowed Fluid

March 10, 2022 Post a Comment

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), sometimes referred to as neonatal aspiration of meconium, is a medical status that affects newborns born with stool, called meconium, that has gotten into their lungs.

If not detected and treated quickly, MAS tin potentially lead to serious medical conditions, every bit well as permanent disorders such equally cognitive palsy.

Nigh Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

According to a clinical study published by the U.Due south. National Institutes of Wellness, meconium "contains residues of bile, intestinal juice, swallowed amniotic fluid containing lanugo hair, and chemic substances like lipids, carbohydrates, nitrogen, and electrolytes." [i]

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Every newborn will have meconium. Information technology's a normal finding in the first hours to days afterwards nativity when babies have their beginning few stools. Some babies, still, release stool while nonetheless in the womb or during the childbirth process.

When a infant stools while yet in the womb, it can inhale the meconium when taking the commencement breaths. This is chosen aspiration and can lead to breathing difficulties from blockages in the airways. When this occurs, the condition is called meconium aspiration syndrome.

Meconium Aspiration Causes

MAS is primarily acquired past fetal distress. Fetal distress can develop due to nascency infections, difficult labor, an aberrant fetal heart rate, or umbilical blood flow issues. [two]

When a baby is in distress, oxygen levels in the blood can subtract, which in plough causes an increment in intestinal activity. The baby'southward anal sphincter will begin to relax and release meconium. The meconium then mixes in with the amniotic fluid surrounding the infant.

Johns Hopkins reports that, while around 6–25% of all newborns have "meconium-stained amniotic fluid," virtually 11% will develop MAS. [3]

MAS During Labor

If a baby releases meconium during the labor process, it usually means that the baby is undergoing a long, difficult delivery. Other reasons meconium releases during labor include:

The babe's age (when a baby passes its due dates, the avant-garde gestational age increases the chances of stool being released during commitment)
Umbilical cord problems, such every bit the string being wrapped around the infant's neck or having a knot in the cord
Maternal smoking and/or drug use
A mother with diabetes, high blood pressure level, or respiratory issues
Poor fetal growth (infants modest for their gestational age)

Meconium Aspiration Symptoms

Physicians observe the following problems when a baby has meconium aspiration. Not all infants will have every symptom, and some volition take more than signs and symptoms than others.

Dark stains mixed in the amniotic fluid, typically dark-brown or dark dark-green
Dark-green or blueish staining on the babe'southward skin
Yellow nails and skin
Breathing difficulties, grunting sounds, rapid breathing
Low center charge per unit prior to birth
Limp limbs
Distended chest
Low Apgar score
Green urine
Low fetal claret pressure

Meconium Aspiration Treatment

If MAS is detected, doctors should begin treatment immediately. If animate bug are identified, physicians may need to perform intubation of the infant. This procedure is when a laryngoscope is inserted into the baby's trachea. Then endotracheal suctioning can be done to remove as much meconium as possible from the airway. [4]

Afterwards, the medical team will carefully monitor the infant'due south breathing, heartbeat, and full general health. As part of the management of meconium aspiration, a physician will usually lodge tests such as 10-rays and a blood gas analysis, which help to encounter if the baby is getting enough oxygen.

Many babies with MAS will heal within a few days after handling. Infants with severe MAS will demand additional handling, which could include antibiotics, oxygen therapy, existence on a ventilator, nitric oxide inhalation treatment, and additional claret tests.

Some babies with severe aspiration will take an artificial type of surfactant placed into their lungs to assist keep the air sacs open. This is known as surfactant therapy. [5] Other babies may need special ventilators with nitric oxide for treatment.

Meconium Aspiration Complications

Babies who are severely afflicted by MAS volition have a chemical irritation of the airways caused by the meconium. If this persists over time, the inflammation leads to lung injury. Long-term respiratory complications from meconium aspiration tin manifest equally an oxygen requirement, severe asthma-like symptoms, poor growth, and frequent cases of viral or bacterial pneumonia.

Most infants recover from MAS if treated by an experienced medical squad who acts quickly. Sometimes, a lack of action by doctors or a misdiagnosis can crusade astringent medical complications.

For instance, if a doctor detects meconium aspiration but fails to continually monitor the infant later nascency, subsequent animate problems could upshot in associated medical problems.

Babies who are deprived of oxygen for too long tin can develop encephalon damage, which can lead to cognitive palsy, seizures, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and fifty-fifty stroke.

Something to Consider

Although well-nigh cases of MAS will resolve successfully, it is considered a serious disorder, according to the U.South. Institutes of Health, with both "antepartum likewise as intrapartum" causes. [vi]

It'southward ultimately your doctor's responsibility to continuously monitor your baby before, during, and after delivery for fetal stress and other signs. However, significant women should recollect to always keep prenatal appointments and speak straight to their physicians if any concerns about their babe'south wellness and well-being arise.

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References

Meconium aspiration syndrome : A clinical study. (2017, June 26). PubMed Primal (PMC).
Retrieved from: https://world wide web.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/manufactures/PMC5531208/
Meconium Aspiration. (n.d.). Johns Hopkins All Children's Infirmary.
Retrieved from: https://www.hopkinsallchildrens.org/Patients-Families/Health-Library/HealthDocNew/Meconium-Aspiration
Parer, J. T., & Livingston, E. Grand. (1990, June xvi). What Is Fetal Distress? PubMed. National Center for Biotechnology Data.
Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2193513/
Advances in the management of meconium aspiration syndrome. (2011, November 22). PubMed Central (PMC). U.S. National Institutes of Wellness.
Retrieved from: https://world wide web.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3228378/
Goel, A., & Nangia, S. (2016, September ix). Meconium aspiration syndrome: Challenges and solutions. Dove Medical Press - Open Access Publisher of Medical Journals.
Retrieved from: https://world wide web.dovepress.com/meconium-aspiration-syndrome-challenges-and-solutions-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RRN
Prevention of meconium aspiration syndrome: An update and the Baylor feel. (2009, April 22). PubMed Cardinal (PMC). U.S. National Institutes of Wellness.
Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2666857/

Page Medically Reviewed and Edited by Gina Jansheski, K.D.

Gina Jansheski, M.D. is a Lath Certified Pediatrician and a Beau of the American Academy of Pediatrics. She has been a practicing pediatrician for over 20 years, working primarily with hospitalized patients and children with special needs.

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